In 1814, Upper Marlboro was seized by British forces under the command of Major-General Robert Ross and Rear Admiral George Cockburn during the campaign leading up to the Battle of Bladensburg and the Burning of Washington. One of the first laws passed at the courthouse was the Public School Act, which established a public school system. The courthouse was built with money from a 12-pound tobacco tax imposed on county inhabitants. The county seat was then moved from Charles Town, on the banks of the Patuxent, to Upper Marlborough. In 1721, a courthouse was constructed in the town.
Farms, many of which raised tobacco, dominated the surrounding areas. The town blossomed into an agricultural, social, and political hot spot. Upper was added to distinguish the town from the community of Marlboro (now known as Lower Marlboro) in Calvert County.Įarly in its life, when the western branch of the Patuxent River was still navigable, the town served as a port town for tobacco ships. In 1744, the new survey was approved and the town was given a new name, Upper Marlborough. Residents of the area were not happy with Greenfield's initial layout and petitioned the General Assembly to have the town replatted. The county seat has been there since that time. In 1718 residents asked the county government's general assembly, then based in Charles Town, via petition to move the county seat to Upper Marlboro. The earliest plans showed the town being laid out in a grid pattern with an L shape. Streets, alleys, a meetinghouse, lots for small businesses, and 100 lots to be used for homes were laid out. It was declared that the town would be constructed, "at the upper landing on the Western Branch, commonly called Colonel Belt's landing." County surveyor Thomas Truman Greenfield conducted a survey of 100 acres (0.40 km 2) of the three estates from which the town would be formed. In 1706, Marlborough Town was established as a port town by the Act for the Advancement of Trade and Erecting Ports and Towns. Today, Darnall's Chance houses the Darnall's Chance House Museum, an historic house museum that opened to the public in 1988. 1742 by a merchant named James Wardrop, after he bought some of the land from Eleanor Darnall Carroll and her husband. It is named after Colonel Henry Darnall, a wealthy Roman Catholic planter, who was the Proprietary Agent of Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore and who served for a time as Deputy Governor of the Province. The land, which was to become the town, was part of several estates known as Grove Landing, Meadows, and Darnall's Chance, owned by the Brooke, Beall, and Darnall families, respectively.ĭarnall's Chance, also known as the Buck House, Buck-Wardrop House, or James Wardrop House, is a historic home located at 14800 Governor Oden Bowie Drive, in Upper Marlboro. It was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an ancestor of Winston Churchill. The area of Upper Marlboro was first settled around 1695. The Three Horse Statue featured prominently in front of the county courthouse in December 2008. By 1893, postal guides were referring to the town as Upper Marlboro and the name stuck, despite a proposed ballot to have it changed back in 1968.
The name change is linked to a postal clerk who felt that the last three letters, "ugh", did not properly fit on the rubber stamps being used at the time. In the late 19th century, the town's name changed from Upper Marlborough to Upper Marlboro. In 1744, the town was renamed to "Upper Marlborough".
Upper Marlboro was established in 1706 as "Marlborough Town", after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough.
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